Темуриён: Тафовут байни таҳрирҳо

	Давлати Темуриён (форсӣ: تیموریان‎)
	Имперотурӣ дар Осиёи Миёна
	Шиор; راستى رستى; Rāstī rastī; "Ростӣ - рустӣ!"
	; Давлати Темуриён
Пойтахт	Самарқанд (1370-1405),; Ҳирот (1405-1507)
Забон(ҳо)	Порсӣ (забони расмӣ ва дарборӣ; чағатойии муғулӣ;); Порсӣ (забони расмӣ ва дарборӣ;чағатойӣ;
Дин	Ислом (суннӣ)
Майдон	4 600 000 км² (1405)
Шакли ҳукмронӣ	подшоҳии мутлақ (аморат)
Сулола	Темуриён
	Амири бузург
- 1370—1405	Темур (аввал)
- 1506–1507	Бади аз-Замон Мирзо (охирин)
Пеш аз он:	Ба дунболи он:
	Улуси Чағатой
	Хоразм
	Музаффариды
	Джалаириды
	Картиды
	Сербедары
	Кара-Коюнлу
	Золотая Орда
Хонигарии Хева
Аморати Бухоро
Сафавиён
Имперутурии Темуриёни Ҳинд
Қара-Коюнлу
Ақ-Коюнлу

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Нусха 03:09, 27 сентябри 2019

Сулолаи Темуриён (форсӣ: تیموریان‎) — авлоди амир Тимур, султонҳои сулола солҳои 1370 - 1858 дар Мовароуннаҳр (Осиёи Марказӣ), Эрон ва Ҳиндустон ҳукумрон буданд.

Эзоҳ

↑ Subtelny, Maria E. (2007). Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran. Leiden: Brill. p. 260. ISBN 978-9004160316.
↑
- Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press, p.109. ISBN 0-521-63384-2. Limited preview at Google Books. p.109.
  "In almost all the territories which Temür incorporated into his realm Persian was the primary language of administration and literary culture. Thus the language of the settled 'diwan' was Persian."
- B.F. Manz, W.M. Thackston, D.J. Roxburgh, L. Golombek, L. Komaroff, R.E. Darley-Doran. "Timurids" Encyclopaedia of Islam Brill Publishers 2007;
  "During the Timurid period, three languages, Persian, Turkish, and Arabic were in use. The major language of the period was Persian, the native language of the Tajik (Persian) component of society and the language of learning acquired by all literate and/or urban Turks. Persian served as the language of administration, history, belles lettres, and poetry."
- Bertold Spuler. CENTRAL ASIA v. In the Mongol and Timurid Periodse(англ.). Encyclopaedia Iranica. 14 сентябри 2017 санҷида шуд.
  ... Like his father, Olōğ Beg was entirely integrated into the Persian Islamic cultural circles, and during his reign Persian predominated as the language of high culture, a status that it retained in the region of Samarqand until the Russian revolution 1917... Ḥoseyn Bāyqarā encouraged the development of Persian literature and literary talent in every way possible...)
- Robert Devereux (ed.) "Muhakamat Al-Lughatain (Judgment of Two Languages)" Mir 'Ali Shir Nawāi; Leiden, E.J. Brill 1966:
  ...Nawa'i also employs the curious argument that most Turks also spoke Persian but only a few Persians ever achieved fluency in Turkic. It is difficult to understand why he was impressed by this phenomenon, since the most obvious explanation is that Turks found it necessary, or at least advisable, to learn Persian – it was, after all, the official state language – while Persians saw no reason to bother learning Turkic which was, in their eyes, merely the uncivilized tongue of uncivilized nomadic tribesmen.)
- David J. Roxburgh. The Persian Album, 1400-1600: From Dispersal to Collection. Yale University Press, 2005. pg 130:
  "Persian literature, especially poetry, occupied a central in the process of assimilation of Timurid elite to the Perso-Islamicate courtly culture, and so it is not surprising to find Baysanghur commissioned a new edition of Firdawsi's Shanama
↑ Maria Subtelny. Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation. — С. 201.
↑ Christine Caldwell Ames. Medieval Heresies: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. — С. 269.

Ин мақолаи нопурра аз таърих мебошад.
Шумо метавонед бо пурра кардани ин ба Википедия кумак кунед.

[1] Subtelny, Maria E. (2007). Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran. Leiden: Brill. p. 260. ISBN 978-9004160316.

[2] 
Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press, p.109. ISBN 0-521-63384-2. Limited preview at Google Books. p.109.
"In almost all the territories which Temür incorporated into his realm Persian was the primary language of administration and literary culture. Thus the language of the settled 'diwan' was Persian."

B.F. Manz, W.M. Thackston, D.J. Roxburgh, L. Golombek, L. Komaroff, R.E. Darley-Doran. "Timurids" Encyclopaedia of Islam Brill Publishers 2007;
"During the Timurid period, three languages, Persian, Turkish, and Arabic were in use. The major language of the period was Persian, the native language of the Tajik (Persian) component of society and the language of learning acquired by all literate and/or urban Turks. Persian served as the language of administration, history, belles lettres, and poetry."

Bertold Spuler. CENTRAL ASIA v. In the Mongol and Timurid Periodse(англ.). Encyclopaedia Iranica. 14 сентябри 2017 санҷида шуд.
... Like his father, Olōğ Beg was entirely integrated into the Persian Islamic cultural circles, and during his reign Persian predominated as the language of high culture, a status that it retained in the region of Samarqand until the Russian revolution 1917... Ḥoseyn Bāyqarā encouraged the development of Persian literature and literary talent in every way possible...)

Robert Devereux (ed.) "Muhakamat Al-Lughatain (Judgment of Two Languages)" Mir 'Ali Shir Nawāi; Leiden, E.J. Brill 1966:
...Nawa'i also employs the curious argument that most Turks also spoke Persian but only a few Persians ever achieved fluency in Turkic. It is difficult to understand why he was impressed by this phenomenon, since the most obvious explanation is that Turks found it necessary, or at least advisable, to learn Persian – it was, after all, the official state language – while Persians saw no reason to bother learning Turkic which was, in their eyes, merely the uncivilized tongue of uncivilized nomadic tribesmen.)

David J. Roxburgh. The Persian Album, 1400-1600: From Dispersal to Collection. Yale University Press, 2005. pg 130:
"Persian literature, especially poetry, occupied a central in the process of assimilation of Timurid elite to the Perso-Islamicate courtly culture, and so it is not surprising to find Baysanghur commissioned a new edition of Firdawsi's Shanama

[3] Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press, p.109. ISBN 0-521-63384-2. Limited preview at Google Books. p.109.
"In almost all the territories which Temür incorporated into his realm Persian was the primary language of administration and literary culture. Thus the language of the settled 'diwan' was Persian."

[4] B.F. Manz, W.M. Thackston, D.J. Roxburgh, L. Golombek, L. Komaroff, R.E. Darley-Doran. "Timurids" Encyclopaedia of Islam Brill Publishers 2007;
"During the Timurid period, three languages, Persian, Turkish, and Arabic were in use. The major language of the period was Persian, the native language of the Tajik (Persian) component of society and the language of learning acquired by all literate and/or urban Turks. Persian served as the language of administration, history, belles lettres, and poetry."

[5] Bertold Spuler. CENTRAL ASIA v. In the Mongol and Timurid Periodse(англ.). Encyclopaedia Iranica. 14 сентябри 2017 санҷида шуд.
... Like his father, Olōğ Beg was entirely integrated into the Persian Islamic cultural circles, and during his reign Persian predominated as the language of high culture, a status that it retained in the region of Samarqand until the Russian revolution 1917... Ḥoseyn Bāyqarā encouraged the development of Persian literature and literary talent in every way possible...)

[6] Robert Devereux (ed.) "Muhakamat Al-Lughatain (Judgment of Two Languages)" Mir 'Ali Shir Nawāi; Leiden, E.J. Brill 1966:
...Nawa'i also employs the curious argument that most Turks also spoke Persian but only a few Persians ever achieved fluency in Turkic. It is difficult to understand why he was impressed by this phenomenon, since the most obvious explanation is that Turks found it necessary, or at least advisable, to learn Persian – it was, after all, the official state language – while Persians saw no reason to bother learning Turkic which was, in their eyes, merely the uncivilized tongue of uncivilized nomadic tribesmen.)

[7] David J. Roxburgh. The Persian Album, 1400-1600: From Dispersal to Collection. Yale University Press, 2005. pg 130:
"Persian literature, especially poetry, occupied a central in the process of assimilation of Timurid elite to the Perso-Islamicate courtly culture, and so it is not surprising to find Baysanghur commissioned a new edition of Firdawsi's Shanama

[3] Maria Subtelny. Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation. — С. 201.

[4] Christine Caldwell Ames. Medieval Heresies: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. — С. 269.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Сатри 1: / Сатри 1: @@
 {{Давлати таърихӣ
 |ном    = Давлати Темуриён ({{lang-fa|تیموریان}})
-|худном                     = Турон ({{lang-chg|توران}}), Гуркониён ({{lang-fa|گورکانیان}})
+|худном = [[Турон]] ({{lang-chg|توران}}), Гуркониён ({{lang-fa|گورکانیان}})
-|вазъ = Имперотури дар Осиёи Миёна
+|вазъ = Имперотурӣ дар Осиёи Миёна
 |гимн =
 |дирафш = Timurid.svg
@@ Сатри 9: / Сатри 9: @@
 |тавсифи_нишон =
 |харита = Timurid Dynasty 821 - 873 (AH).png
-|тавсиф = Давлати Темурланг
+|тавсиф = Давлати Темуриён
-|p1 = Улуси Чвғатой
+|p1 = Улуси Чағатой
 |flag_p1 =Flag of Chagatai khanate.jpg
 |p2 = Хоразм
@@ Сатри 30: / Сатри 30: @@
 |s1 = Хонигарии Хева
 |flag_s1 = Bandera_de_Khiva_abans_1917.svg
+|s2 = Аморати Бухоро
-|s2 = Бухарское ханство
 |flag_s2 = War flag of Khanate of Bukhara.svg
-|s3 = Сефевиды
+|s3 = Сафавиён
 |flag_s3 = Safavid Flag.svg
+|s4 = Имперутурии Темуриёни Ҳинд
-|s4 = Империя Великих Моголов
 |flag_s4 = Fictional flag of the Mughal Empire.svg
-|s5 = Кара-Коюнлу
+|s5 = Қара-Коюнлу
 |flag_s5 = Flag of Kara Koyunlu dynasty.png
-|s6 = Ак-Коюнлу
+|s6 = Ақ-Коюнлу
 |flag_s6 = Flag of Ak Koyunlu.svg
-|шиор = {{lang|fa|راستى رستى}}<br>''Rāstī rastī''<br><small>"Ростӣ - растӣ!"</small><ref>{{cite book |last=Subtelny |first=Maria E. |title=Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran |date=2007 |publisher=[[Brill]] |place=Leiden |pages=260 |isbn=978-9004160316}}</ref>
+|шиор = {{lang|fa|راستى رستى}}<br>''Rāstī rastī''<br><small>"Ростӣ - рустӣ!"</small><ref>{{cite book |last=Subtelny |first=Maria E. |title=Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran |date=2007 |publisher=[[Brill]] |place=Leiden |pages=260 |isbn=978-9004160316}}</ref>
 |пойтахт = [[Самарқанд]] (1370-1405),<br>
 [[Ҳирот (шаҳр)|Ҳирот]] (1405-1507)
 |шаҳрҳо =
-|забон            = *[[Забони порсӣ|Порсӣ]] (<small>забони расмӣ ва дарборӣ; адабиёти олӣ;)</small><ref>
+|забон            = *[[Забони порсӣ|Порсӣ]] (<small>забони расмӣ ва дарборӣ; чағатойии муғулӣ;)</small><ref>
 * Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). ''The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane''. [[Cambridge University Press]], p.109. ISBN 0-521-63384-2. {{google books|2xDm2DCPRKMC|Limited preview}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2xDm2DCPRKMC&pg=PA109 p.109]. {{quote|"In almost all the territories which Temür incorporated into his realm '''Persian was the primary language of administration and literary culture. Thus the language of the settled '[[Диван (ведомство)|diwan]]' was Persian." '''}}
 * B.F. Manz, W.M. Thackston, D.J. Roxburgh, L. Golombek, L. Komaroff, R.E. Darley-Doran. "Timurids" [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] [[Brill Publishers]] 2007; {{quote|"During the Timurid period, three languages, Persian, Turkish, and Arabic were in use. '''The major language of the period was Persian, the native language of the Tajik (Persian) component of society and the language of learning acquired by all literate and/or urban Turks. Persian served as the language of administration, history, belles lettres, and poetry." '''}}
@@ Сатри 50: / Сатри 50: @@
 * Robert Devereux (ed.) "Muhakamat Al-Lughatain (Judgment of Two Languages)" Mir 'Ali Shir Nawāi;  Leiden, [[E.J. Brill]] 1966: {{quote|...Nawa'i also employs the curious argument that most Turks also spoke Persian but only a few Persians ever achieved fluency in Turkic. It is difficult to understand why he was impressed by this phenomenon, since the most obvious explanation is that '''Turks found it necessary, or at least advisable, to learn Persian – it was, after all, the official state language''' – while Persians saw no reason to bother learning Turkic which was, in their eyes, merely the uncivilized tongue of uncivilized nomadic tribesmen.)}}
 * David J. Roxburgh. The Persian Album, 1400-1600: From Dispersal to Collection. Yale University Press, 2005. pg 130: {{quote|"Persian literature, especially poetry, occupied a central in the process of assimilation of Timurid elite to the Perso-Islamicate courtly culture, and so it is not surprising to find Baysanghur commissioned a new edition of Firdawsi's Shanama}}</ref>
+* [[Забони порсӣ|Порсӣ]] (<small>забони расмӣ ва дарборӣ;[[Забони чағатойӣ|чағатойӣ]]
-*[[Забони чагатойӣ|Чагатойӣ]]
 |арз =
 |майдон = 4 600 000 км² (1405)
 |шакли_ҳукмронӣ = [[подшоҳии мутлақ]] ([[аморат]])
-|сулола = [[Феҳристи Темуриён|Темуриён]]
+|сулола = [[Темуриён|Темуриён]]
 |унвони_ҳокимон = Амири бузург
-|ҳоким1 = [[Тамерлан]] <small>(аввал)</small>
+|ҳоким1 = [[Темур]] <small>(аввал)</small>
 |соли_ҳоким1 = 1370—1405
 |унвони_ҳокимон2 =
-|ҳоким2 = [[Бади аз-Заман Мирза]] <small>(охирин)</small>
+|ҳоким2 = [[Бади аз-Замон Мирзо]] <small>(охирин)</small>
 |соли_ҳоким2 = 1506–1507
 |дин = [[Ислом]] ([[суннӣ]])<ref>{{книга|автор=Maria Subtelny|заглавие=Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation|страницы=201}}</ref><ref>{{книга|автор=Christine Caldwell Ames|заглавие=Medieval Heresies: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam|страницы=269}}</ref>