Аломатҳои астрономӣ: Тафовут байни таҳрирҳо

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== Аломатҳои астероидҳо ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- align=center
!Название !! Символ !! Код в Юникоде !! Отображение!! Пояснение
|- align=center
| [[(2) Паллада]]
| [[File:Pallas symbol.svg|x25px|Pallas]]<ref name=mcbeh-v6>von Zach, Franz Xaver (1802). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nR04AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA95 Monatliche correspondenz zur beförderung der erd- und himmels-kunde, Volume 6]''. pp. 95-96.</ref>
| <tt>U+26B4</tt>
| {{Unicode|⚴}}
| копьё<ref name=mcbeh-v6 /><ref name=schmadel>{{cite book
| title = Dictionary of minor planet names
| lastname = Schmadel
| firstname = Lutz D.
| publisher = Springer
| year = 2003
| pages = 15–18
}}</ref>
|- align=center
|rowspan="2"|[[(3) Юнона]]
|[[File:Juno symbol.svg|x25px|Juno]]<ref name=mcbeh-v10>{{cite book
| title = Monatliche correspondenz zur beförderung der erd- und himmels-kunde, Volume 10
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vnIEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA471
| last = von Zach
| first = Franz Xaver
| year = 1804
| page = 471
}}</ref><ref name=chambers>{{cite book
| title = A handbook of descriptive astronomy
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=n8sJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA920
| lastname = Chambers
| firstname = George Frederick
| publisher = Clarendon Press
| year = 1877
| pages = 920–921
}}</ref>
| <tt>U+26B5</tt>
| {{Unicode|⚵}}
|rowspan="2"| [[скипетр]], увенчанный звездой<ref name=mcbeh-v10 />
|- align=center
|[[File:3 Juno symbol alternate.svg|x25px|Juno]]<ref name=high_school_astronomy /><ref name=olmstead />
|
|
|- align=center
|rowspan="3"|[[(4) Веста]]
|[[File:Simbolo di Vesta.svg|18x25px|Vesta]]<ref name=mcbeh-v15>{{cite book
| title = Monatliche correspondenz zur beförderung der erd- und himmels-kunde, Volume 15
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rw4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA507
| last = von Zach
| first = Franz Xaver
| year = 1807
| page = 507
}}</ref>
|
|
|rowspan="3"| алтарь с огнём<ref name=mcbeh-v15 />
|- align=center
|[[File:4 Vesta (2).svg|x25px|Vesta]]<ref name=hilton /><ref name=schmadel /><ref name=olmstead>{{книга|автор=[[Ольмстед, Денисон|Денисон Ольмстед]] |заглавие=Letters on astronomy|ссылка= https://books.google.com/books?id=BYoXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA288|ответственный= |издание= |место= |издательство= Harper|год=1855 |страниц=288 |серия= |isbn= |тираж=}}</ref>
|
|
|- align=center
|[[File:Vesta symbol.svg|25px]]
| <tt>U+26B6</tt>
| {{Unicode|⚶}}
|- align=center
|rowspan="2"|[[(5) Астрея]]
|[[File:5 Astraea Symbol.svg|x25px]]<ref name=berlin-1945>
{{cite book
| title = Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZM8DAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA406
| year = 1945
| page = 406
| quote = Der Planet hat mit Einwilligung des Entdeckers den Namen Astraea erhalten, und sein Zeichen wird nach dem Wunsche des Hr. Hencke ein umgekehrter Anker sein.
}}</ref><ref name=schmadel />
|
|
| якорь<ref name=berlin-1945 />
|- align=center
|[[File:5 Astraea symbol alternate.svg|x25px|5 Astraea (alternate symbol)]]<ref name=wilson />
|
|
| весы<ref name=high_school_astronomy /><ref name=schmadel />
|- align=center
|[[(6) Геба]]
|[[File:6 Hebe Astronomical Symbol.svg|x25px]]<ref name=high_school_astronomy /><ref name=hilton /><ref name=schmadel />
|
|
| [[бокал]]<ref name=wudfagw-1947>{{cite book
| title = Wöchentliche Unterhaltungen für Dilettanten und Freunde der Astronomie, Geographie und Witterungskunde
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9AcFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA423
| year = 1847
| pages = 315
}}</ref>
|- align=center
|[[(7) Ирида]]
|[[File:7 Iris Astronomical Symbol.svg|25px]]<ref name=high_school_astronomy /><ref name=hilton />
|
|
| [[радуга]] со звездой внутри<ref name=ras-v8>{{cite journal
| year = 1848
| title = Report of the Council to the Twenty-eighth Annual General Meeting
| journal = Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume = 8
| page = 82
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GOA3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA82
| quote = The symbol adopted for [Iris] is a semicircle to represent the rainbow, with an interior star and a base line for the horizon....The symbol adopted for [Flora's] designation is the figure of a flower.
}}</ref>
|- align=center
|[[(8) Флора]]
|[[File:8 Flora Astronomical Symbol.svg|x25px]]<ref name=hilton /><ref name=schmadel />
| <tt>U+2698</tt>
| <font size="6">{{unicode|&#x2698;}}</font>
|цветок<ref name=ras-v8 />
|- align=center
|[[(9) Метида]]
|[[File:9 Metis symbol.svg|25px]]<ref name=high_school_astronomy /><ref name=hilton /><ref name=schmadel />
|
|
| звезда над глазом<ref name=ras-v8-metis>
>{{cite journal
| year = 1848
| title = Extract of a Letter from Mr. Graham
| journal = Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume = 8
| page = 147
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GOA3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA147
| quote = I trust, therefore, that astronomers will adopt this name [viz. Metis], with an eye and star for symbol.
}}</ref>
|- align=center
|rowspan="2"|[[(10) Гигея]]
|[[File:10 Hygeia symbol alternate.svg|x25px]]<ref name=hind>{{cite book
| title = An astronomical vocabulary
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_DgDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR5
| last = Hind
| first = J. R.
| year = 1852
| pages = v
}}</ref><ref name=ras-v11>{{cite journal
| last = de Gasparis
| first = Annibale
| year = 1850
| title = Letter to Mr. Hind, from Professor Annibale de Gasparis
| journal = Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume = 11
| page = 1
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_uw3AAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA1
| quote = The symbol of Hygeia is a serpent (like a Greek ζ) crowned with a star. That of Parthenope is a fish crowned with a star.
}}</ref>
|
| <font size="6"></font>
| змея со звездой<ref name=ras-v11 />
|- align=center
|[[File:10 Hygiea Astronomical Symbol.svg|x25px]]<ref name=hilton /><ref name=schmadel />
| <tt>U+2695</tt>;
| <font size="6">{{unicode|&#x2695;}}</font>
|[[посох Асклепия]]
|- align=center
|rowspan="2"|[[(11) Парфенопа]]
|[[File:11 Parthenope symbol.svg|x25px]]<ref name=hilton /><ref name=ras-v11 />
|
|
| рыба со звездой<ref name=ras-v11 />
|- align=center
|[[File:11 Parthenope symbol alternate.svg]]<ref name=wilson>{{cite book
| title = A treatise on English punctuation
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oIICAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA302
| last = Wilson
| first = John
| year = 1899
| page = 302
}}</ref>
|
|
| арфа<ref name=schmadel />
|- align=center
|[[(12) Виктория]]
|[[File:12 Victoria symbol.svg|x25px]]<ref name=hilton /><ref name=schmadel />
|
|
| звезда с лавровой ветвью<ref name=ras-v11-victoria>{{cite journal
| last = Hind
| year = 1850
| title = Letter from Mr. Hind
| journal = Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume = 11
| page = 2
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=87cRAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA2
| quote = I have called the new planet Victoria, for which I have devised, as a symbol, a star and laurel branch, emblematic of the Goddess of Victory.
}}</ref>
|- align=center
|[[(13) Эгерия]]
|[[File:13 Egeria symbol.svg|x25px|13 Egeria]]<ref name=hind />
|
|
| щит<ref name=academie-v32>{{cite journal
| year = 1851
| title = Correspondance
| journal = Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences
| volume = 32
| page = 224
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eXcbAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA244
| quote = M. De Gasparis adresse ses remerciments à l'Académie, qui lui a décerné, dans la séance solennelle du 16 décembre 1850, deux des médailles de la fondation Lalande, pour la découverte des planètes Hygie, Parthénope et Egérie. M. de Gasparis annonce qu'il a choisi, pour symbole de cette dernière planète, la figure d'un bouclier.
}}</ref>
|- align=center
|[[(14) Ирена]]
|[[File:Irene symbol 14.png|25px|14 Irene]]<ref name=wilson />
|
|
| голубь с оливковой ветвью в клюве и со звездой на голове<ref name=ras-v11-irene>{{cite journal
| last = Hind
| year = 1851
| title = On the Discovery of a Fourth New Planet, at Mr. Bishop's Observatory, Regent's Park
| journal = Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume = 11
| page = 171
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=87cRAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA171
| quote = Sir John Herschel, who kindly undertook the selection of a name for this, the fourteenth member of the ultra-zodiacal group, has suggested Irene as one suitable to the present time, the symbol to be a dove carrying an olive-branch with a star on the head; and since the announcement of this name, I have been gratified in receiving from all quarters the most unqualified expressions of approbation.
}}</ref>
|- align=center
|[[(15) Эвномия]]
|[[File:15 Eunomia symbol.svg|x25px]]<ref name=hilton /><ref name=schmadel />
|
|
| сердце под звездой<ref name=an-eunomia>{{cite journal
| last = de Gasparis
| first = Annibale
| year = 1851
| title = Beobachtungen und Elemente der Eunomia
| journal = Astronomische Nachrichten
| pages = 174
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=D6EEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA174
| quote = J'ai proposé le nom ''Eunomia'' pour la nouvelle planète. Le symbole serait un coeur surmonté d'une étoile.
}}</ref>
|- align=center
|[[(16) Психея]]
|[[File:16 Psyche symbol.svg|x25px|16 Psyche]]<ref name=hind />
|
|
| крыло бабочки и звезда<ref name=an-34-psyche>{{cite journal
| last = Sonntag
| first = A.
| year = 1852
| title = Elemente und Ephemeride der Psyche
| journal = Astronomische Nachrichten
| volume = 34
| pages = 283
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fWM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA283
| quote = ''(in a footnote)'' Herr Professor de Gasparis schreibt mir, in Bezug auf den von ihm März 17 entdeckten neuen Planeten: "J'ai proposé, avec l'approbation de Mr. Hind, le nom de Psyché pour la nouvelle planète, ayant pour symbole une aile de papillon surmontée d'une étoile."
}}</ref>
|- align=center
|[[(17) Фетида]]
|[[File:17 Thetis symbol.png|25px|17 Thetis]]<ref name=an-34-thetis>{{cite journal
| last = Luther
| first = R.
| year = 1852
| title = Beobachtungen der Thetis auf der Bilker Sternwarte
| journal = Astronomische Nachrichten
| volume = 34
| pages = 243–244
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fWM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243
| quote = Herr Director Argelander in Bonn, welcher der hiesigen Sternwarte schon seit längerer Zeit seinen Schutz und Beistand zu Theil werden lässt, hat die Entdeckung des April-Planeten zuerst constatirt und mir bei dieser Gelegenheit dasür den Namen Thetis und das Zeichen ''[symbol pictured]'' vorgeschlagen, wodurch der der silberfüssigen Göttinn geheiligte Delphin angedeutet wird. Indem ich mich hiermit einverstanden erkläre, ersuche ich die sämmtlichen Herren Astronomen, diesen Namen und dieses Zeichen annehmen und beibehalten zu wollen.
}}</ref>
|
|
| [[дельфин]] и звезда<ref name=an-34-thetis />
|- align=center
|[[(18) Мельпомена]]
|[[File:18 Melpomene symbol.svg|x25px|18 Melpomene]]<ref name=hind />
|
|
| кинжал над звездой<ref name=hind />
|- align=center
|[[(19) Фортуна]]
|[[File:19 Fortuna symbol.svg|x25px|19 Fortuna]]<ref name=hind />
|
|
| звезда над колесом<ref name=hind />
|- align=center
|[[(26) Прозерпина]]
|[[File:26 Proserpina symbol.svg|x25px|26 Proserpina]]<ref name=an-proserpina>{{cite journal
| last = Luther
| first = R.
| year = 1853
| title = Beobachtungen des neuesten Planeten auf der Bilker Sternwarte
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=o2M_AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA37
| journal = Astronomische Nachrichten
| volume = 36
| pages = 349–350
}}</ref>
|
|
| гранат со звездой внутри<ref name=an-proserpina />
|- align=center
|[[(28) Беллона]]
|[[File:28 Bellona symbol.svg|x25px]]<ref name=an-bellona>{{cite journal
| last=Encke
| first= J. F.
| year= 1854
| title=Beobachtung der Bellona, nebst Nachrichten über die Bilker Sternwarte
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1mM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA19-IA6128
| journal= Astronomische Nachrichten
| volume= 38
| pages=143
| doi=10.1002/asna.18540380907
}}</ref>
|
|
| кнут [[Беллона (мифология)|Беллоны]] и копьё<ref name=an-bellona />
|- align=center
|[[(29) Амфитрита]]
|[[File:29 Amphitrite symbol.svg|x25px|29 Amphitrite]]<ref name=webster>
{{cite book
| title = Webster's Complete Dictionary of the English Language
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ql4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1780
| year = 1884
| page = 1780
}}
</ref>
|
|
| раковина<ref name=an-amphitrite>{{cite journal
| last = Marth
| first = A.
| year = 1854
| title = Elemente und Ephemeride des Marz 1 in London entdeckten Planeten Amphitrite
| journal = Astronomische Nachrichten
| volume = 38
| pages = 167
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1mM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA19-IA73
}}</ref>
|- align=center
|[[(35) Левкофея]]
|[[File:35 Leukothea symbol.png|x25px]]<ref name=an-leukothea>{{cite journal
| last=Rümker
| first= G.
| year= 1855
| title=Name und Zeichen des von Herrn R. Luther zu Bilk am 19. April entdeckten Planeten
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_GM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA59
| journal= Astronomische Nachrichten
| volume= 40
| pages= 373
| doi=10.1002/asna.18550402405
}}</ref>
|
|
| древний маяк<ref name=an-leukothea />
|- align=center
|[[(37) Фидес]]
|[[File:37 Fides symbol.svg|x25px]]<ref name=an-fides>{{cite journal
| last=Luther
| first= R.
| year= 1856
| title=Schreiben des Herrn Dr. R. Luther, Directors der Sternwarte zu Bilk, an den Herausgeber
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1KEEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA107
| journal= Astronomische Nachrichten
| volume= 42
| pages= 107
| doi=10.1002/asna.18550420705
}}</ref>
|
|
| крест<ref name=an-fides />
|- align=center
| [[(2060) Хирон]]
|[[File:Chiron symbol.svg|x25px]]
|<tt>U+26B7</tt>
|{{Unicode|⚷}}
|
|}


== Эзоҳ ==
== Эзоҳ ==

Нусха 11:33, 2 ноябри 2017

Аломатҳои астрономӣ — ишораҳои шартии Офтоб, Моҳ, сайёраҳо ва дигар ҷирмҳои осмонӣ, инчунин бурҷҳои дувоздаҳгона, шакли сайёраҳо, авзои Моҳ ва ғайра, ки дар адабиёти доир ба астрономия ва тақвимҳо ба сифати сурати рамзӣ истифода мешаванд. Аксари аломатҳои астраномӣ дар давраҳои қадим ба вуҷуд омадаанд. Дар асарҳои астрономии олимони тоҷики асрҳои миёна ду намуди ишораҳо вомехӯранд: аломатҳо ва ҳарфҳои алифбои арабӣ. Абурайҳони Берунӣ (973—1048) дар «Китоб-ут-тафҳим ли авоили саноат-ит-танҷим» («Китоб доир ба фаҳмондани аввали санъати илми нуҷум») барои ишораи Офтоб, Моҳ ва сайёраҳо аломатҳои зеринро истифода кардааст: Аҳмади Дониш (1826—1897) дар «Манозир ул-кавокиб» («Манзараи ситораҳо») барои ишораи Офтоб, Моҳ, сайёраҳо, бурҷҳои дувоздаҳгона ва ҳодисаҳои астрономӣ як ё ду ҳарфи охирини он истилоҳро истифода кардааст. Аломатҳои ситораву сайёраҳо: Шамс — ﺱ Қамар — ﺭ Миррих — ﺥ Аторуд — ﺩ Муштарӣ — ﻯ Зӯҳра — ﻩ Зуҳал — ﻝ Аломатҳои ҳодисаҳои астрономӣ: қирон — ﻥ эҳтироқ — ﻕ тасдис — ﺱ ﺩ таслис -ﺙ тарбиъ — ﻉ таҳвил — ﻞﻳ муқобала — ﻪﻟ меҳтариқа — ﻪﻗ явм — ﻡ лайл — ﻝ найира — ﻩ рос — ﺲ ﺍ занаб — ﺐ ﻧ истиқомат — ﺖ ﻤ руҷъат — ﺖ ﻋ шараф — ﻒ танозири явмӣ — ﻢ ﻆ танозири матлаӣ — ﻡ ﻃ ҳубут — ﻄ Аз соли 1991 барои ишораи аломатҳо стандарти умумиҷаҳонии Юникод (англис Unicode) қабул карда шудааст. Истифодаи ин стандарт имкон медиҳад, ки аломатҳои гуногуни алифбоҳо ба рамзҳо баргардон шуда, дар тамоми ҷаҳон як хел истифода шаванд. Ҳоло тибқи Юникод Аломатҳои астраномӣ. чунин ишора карда мешаванд.

Гуногун

Ном Аломат Рамз дар Юникод Рамз дар HTML
комета U+2604 &#9732;
Офтоб U+2609 &#9737;
Офтоб U+263C &#9788;
восходящий узел U+260A &#9738;
нисходящий узел U+260B &#9739;
соединение U+260C &#9740;
противостояние U+260D &#9741;
Ситора U+2605 &#9733;
Затмение U+2600 &#9728;

Аломатҳои Моҳ

Ном Аломат Рамз дар Юникод Рамз дар HTML Тасвир
Чоряки якум U+263D &#9789; First quarter moon
Чоряки охир U+263E &#9790; Last quarter Moon
Моҳи нав 🌑 U+1F311 &#127761;
Чоряки якум 🌒 U+1F312 &#127762;
Чоряки якум 🌓 U+1F313 &#127763;
Чоряки якум 🌔 U+1F314 &#127764;
Моҳи пурра 🌕 U+1F315 &#127765;
Чоряки охир 🌖 U+1F316 &#127766;
Чоряки охир 🌗 U+1F317 &#127767;
Чоряки охир 🌘 U+1F318 &#127768;
Доси Моҳ бидуни мушаххасот 🌙 U+1F319 &#127769;
Моҳи нав «бо рӯй» 🌚 U+1F31A &#127770;
Чоряки якум «бо рӯй» 🌛 U+1F31B &#127771;
Чоряки охир «бо рӯй» 🌜 U+1F31C &#127772;
Моҳи пурра «бо рӯй» 🌝 U+1F31D &#127773;

Аломатҳои сайёраҳо

Ном Аломат Рамз дар Юникод Рамз дар HTML Тасвир
Уторид U+263F &#9791; Меркурий
Зӯҳра U+2640 &#9792; Венера
Замин U+2295 &#8853; Земля
U+2641 &#9793; Земля (альтернативный символ)
Миррих U+2642 &#9794; Марс
Муштарӣ U+2643 &#9795; Юпитер
Зуҳал U+2644 &#9796; Сатурн
Уран U+26E2 &#9954; Уран
U+2645 &#9797; Уран (астрологический символ)
Нептун U+2646 &#9798; Нептун
Нептун

Аломати Нептун — трезубец.


Эзоҳ

Сарчашма

Энсиклопедияи Миллии Тоҷик : [тахм. 25 ҷ.] / сармуҳаррир А. Қурбонов. — Д. : СИЭМТ, 2011—2023.