• The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company. "The countries bordering on the eastern Mediterranean Sea from Turkey to Egypt."

• Random House Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2009. "The lands bordering the E shores of the Mediterranean Sea."

• Harris, William W. (2005) The Levant: a fractured mosaic, Markus Wiener, Second Edition, map p. 4, quote p. 1. "The Mediterranean littoral between the mountains of Cilicia and the Sinai peninsula."

• Oriental Institute, "Levant Site Map archive copy at the Wayback Machine", University of Chicago, accessed 15 Dec 2009.

• Council for British Research in the Levant, "The CBRL is the British Academy sponsored society that supports research in the humanities and social sciences in the countries of the Levant: Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria, . . . archive copy at the Wayback Machine", accessed 15 Dec 2009.

• Biblical and Levantine studies at UCLA, "The ancient cultures of the Levant are defined to include those of western Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, the Palestinian territories, the Egyptian Sinai, and Cyprus."

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